The good news is that your diet, lifestyle (particularly exercise), and weight are things you can control, and with diabetes, remission is at least possible. “A lot of times patients think it’s like a futile effort, like whatever they do is not going to matter,” says Patricia Happel, DO, an assistant professor and associate medical director at NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine in Old Westbury, New York. “What I try to do is empower them and educate them about what they can do to manage it, and hopefully, reverse it.”
Diabetes Drugs Recommended Doctor
Diabetes medications vary widely and have different ways of working. Some medications can be given orally, while others are available as injections. The type that is suitable for sufferers will be determined by the doctor. Controlling blood sugar levels is the main goal of diabetes treatment. With this, patients can avoid serious and dangerous complications. The type of diabetes medication for people with diabetes depends on the type of diabetes, namely type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
The types of diabetes drugs recommended by doctors
The use of drugs is very important for diabetes patients. The reason is, the drug can help control blood sugar levels in the patient's body. There are various types of diabetes drugs recommended by doctors. Each type will affect the body in different ways. Some diabetes drugs can generally be taken directly. However, there are other types that must be given by injection. What are the types of diabetes drugs?
Type 1 diabetes medication
Type 1 diabetes is a condition in which Langerhans β cells of the pancreas gland are damaged, so they can no longer produce insulin. Therefore, insulin therapy is a must for people with type 1 diabetes to control blood sugar levels. Although most people with Type 2 diabetes do not need insulin therapy, almost 30 percent actually need insulin therapy in addition to oral hypoglycemic therapy. The following are some types of drugs that people with type 1 diabetes may need:
- Rapid-acting insulin
Fast-acting insulin takes 15 minutes to lower blood sugar levels. This drug reaches peak performance 30-90 minutes after consumption. Unfortunately, the effects only last for three to five hours.
Some examples of these diabetes medications include rapid-acting insulin including lispro insulin, aspart insulin, and insulin glulisine. This medicine can be injected directly before meals, there is no need to wait several minutes to hours.
- Short-acting insulin atau regular-acting insulin
Short-acting insulin takes about 30 to 60 minutes to become active in the bloodstream. An example is regular insulin. The peak performance of short-acting insulin will appear after two to four hours of consumption, and the effects can last for five to eight hours. This drug can be injected 30 minutes before meals.
- Immediate-acting insulin
This type of insulin starts working within one to four hours of injection. Immediate-acting insulin will reach peak performance within eight hours. This diabetes drug can have an effect for 12-16 hours. Examples are isophane insulin or NPH insulin.
- Long-acting insulin
As the name implies, long-acting insulin takes up to four hours to get into the bloodstream, and can last for 14-24 hours. Examples of diabetes drugs include insulin glargine, insulin detemir, and insulin degludec.
- Premixed insulin
Mixed insulin is a combination of the types of insulin that have been mentioned previously. This diabetes drug starts working within five minutes to one hour after administration, and can last for 10-24 hours. Examples of premixed insulin include the combination of insulin lispro protamine and insulin lispro, insulin aspart protamine and insulin aspart, as well as NPH insulin and regular insulin. Non-insulin injections can also be used by patients with type 1 diabetes. For example, the amylin analogue to control blood sugar and glucagon can prevent the blood sugar from dropping too low.
Type 2 diabetes medication
Some people with type 2 diabetes can achieve near-normal blood sugar levels with diet and exercise alone, but many also need diabetes medication or insulin therapy. The decision about which drug is best depends on many factors, including blood sugar levels and other health problems that people with type 2 diabetes have.
The types of diabetes drugs for type 2 diabetes include:
- Biguanide
Biguanide will lower blood sugar levels by reducing the amount of sugar produced by the liver. The most common drug from the biguanide group is metformin.
- Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas work by stimulating beta cells in the pancreas to produce more insulin. Some examples of these diabetes medications include glimepiride, gliclazide, glyburide, chlorpropamide, and tolazamide.
- Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors can reduce blood sugar levels by helping the body break down foods that contain starch and sugar. For maximum results, this diabetes drug must be taken before you eat. Acarbose and miglitol are examples.
- Dopamine agonist
Experts suspect that dopamine agonists can prevent insulin resistance and improve the body's work rhythm. This drug affects the action of the dopamine hormone so that the hypothalamus will get a signal to lower glucose tolerance, free fatty acids (Free fatty acids), and triglycerides. One example of this diabetes drug is bromocriptine.
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or DPP-4 inhibitors are needed by the body to produce more insulin and lower blood sugar without causing hypoglycemia. Examples of these diabetes drugs include allogliptin, allogliptin-metformin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, and sitagliptin-metformin.
- GLP-1 receptor agonist
The way the GLP-1 receptor agonist works is by increasing the growth of B-cells and the amount of insulin used by the body. This diabetes drug can reduce appetite and levels of glucagon used by the body, making it beneficial for diabetics.
- Meglitinide
Meglitinide is needed by the body to help the process of releasing insulin. However, this diabetes drug can also lower blood sugar too low, so it is not necessarily suitable for all diabetes patients. Nateglinide, repaglinide, and repaglinide-metformin are some examples of the meglitinide class.
- Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors will help remove blood sugar from the patient's body through urine. With this, the kidneys no longer store too much glucose.
Just like GLP-1 receptor agonists, the use of this diabetes drug is also recommended as an alternative for diabetics with heart failure, atherosclerosis, and chronic kidney disorders that predominate.
- Thiazolidinesdione
Thiazolidinesdione functions to lower blood sugar in the liver, as well as helps fat cells use insulin. Rosiglitazone, rosiglitazone-glimepiride, pioglitazone-allogliptin, pioglitazone-glimepiride, and pioglitazone-metformin are examples of this diabetes drug.
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